View source for User:LMischler/AllGalleries

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{{Gallery|B16|Breathing transformer protected by buchholz||
|DB422024_EN.svg|a|Functioning principle
|PB116686.jpg|b|Transformer with conservator
}}


{{Gallery|B18|DGPT (Detection of Gas, Pressure and Temperature) protection relay for integral filled transformers||
|DGPT(b).jpg|a|Transformer protection relay (DGPT)
|DGPT(a).jpg|b|Contacts of the DGPT (cover removed)
}}


{{Gallery|B23|Examples of self powered relays (Schneider Electric)||
|PB116689.jpg|a|VIP 40 for basic transformer protection
|PB116690.jpg|b|VIP 400 series self powered IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time) overcurrent and earth-fault relay}}


{{Gallery|B28|Example of functional unit architecture with compartments, favoring service continuity||
|PB116695.jpg||
|PB116696.jpg|| 
}}


{{Gallery|B30|Example of MV/LV interlocking system '''(per-row:2)'''||2
|DB422032a_EN.svg||'''Initial configuration''': LV Switchboard energized. MV Load break switch closed. LV circuit breaker closed. Earthing switch open and locked in open position. Key O trapped. Key S trapped.
|DB422032b_EN.svg||'''Step 1''': Load break switch closed. LV circuit breaker open and locked. Earthing switch open, locked in open position. Key O free, Key S trapped.
|DB422032c_EN.svg||'''Step 2''': Load break switch open, LV circuit breaker open and locked in open position. Earthing switch unlocked, Key O trapped, Key S trapped.
|DB422032d_EN.svg||'''Step 3''': Load break switch open, LV circuit breaker open and locked in open position. Earthing switch closed and locked, Key O trapped, Key S free.
|DB422032e_EN.svg||'''Step 4''': Load break switch open, LV circuit breaker open and locked in open position. Earthing switch closed and locked, door of transformer cubicle open, Key O trapped, Key S trapped.
|DB422032f_EN.svg||'''Legend'''}}


{{Gallery|B44|Ventilation opening locations '''(per-row:1)'''||1
|DB422038a_EN.svg||
|DB422038b_EN.svg}}


{{Gallery|B52|Two examples of outdoor substations||
|PB116704.jpg|a|Ground level walk-in type
|PB116705.jpg|b|Half buried non walk-in type
}}


{{Gallery|C2|Associated circuit diagrams||
|DB422070a.svg|a|Three-phase star; Four-wire: Earthed neutral
|DB422070b.svg|b|Three-phase star: Three-wire
|DB422070c.svg|c|Three-phase star; Three-wire:Earthed neutral
|DB422070d.svg|d|Three-phase star; Four-wire:Non-earthed neutral
|DB422070e.svg|e|Two-phase star;Three-wire: Earthed neutral
|DB422070f.svg|f|Three-phase delta: Three-wire
|DB422070g.svg|g|Three-phase delta; Four-wire: Earthed mid point of one phase
|DB422070h.svg|h|Three-phase open delta; Four-wire: Earthed mid point of one phase
|DB422070i.svg|i|Three-phase open delta: Earthed junction of phases
|DB422070j.svg|j|Single-phase; Three-wire: Earthed mid point
|DB422070k.svg|k|Single-phase; Two-wire: Earthed end of phase
|DB422070l.svg|l|Single-phase; Two-wire Unearthed
|DB422070m.svg|m|Single-wire: Earthed return (swer)
|DB422070n.svg|n|DC: Three-wire: Unearthed}}


{{Gallery|E26|Measurement of the resistance to the mass of earth of electrode (X) using an earth-electrode-testing ohmmeter||
|DB422181a_EN.svg|a|the principle of measurement is based on assumed homogeneous soil conditions. Where the zones of influence of electrodes C and X overlap, the location of test electrode P is difficult to determine for satisfactory results.
|DB422181b.svg|b|showing the effect on the potential gradient when (X) and (C) are widely spaced. The location of test electrode P is not critical and can be easily determined.}}


{{Gallery|E27|Examples of main LV switchboard and motor control centre||
|PB116715.jpg|a|Main LV switchboard - MLVS - (Prisma P) with incoming circuits in the form of busways
|PB116716.jpg|b|MLVS + motor control centre - MCC - (Okken)
}}


{{Gallery|E29|Final distribution switchboards||
|PB119921.jpg|a|Resi9
|PB116719.jpg|b|Kaedra
|PB116718.jpg|c|Prisma Pack 160}}


{{Gallery|E53|Examples of applications where the level of harmonics (THD) is either negligible or high, depending on the proportion of loads generating harmonics versus classical loads||
|PB116730.jpg||'''Workshops supply:'''<br>* Mix polluting charges (computer hardware, inverters, fluorescent lighting) and clean charges (motors, pumps, heaters, etc.).<br>* Low probability of harmonic's presence '''THD&nbsp;<&nbsp;33&nbsp;%'''
|PB116731.jpg||'''Offices supply:'''<br>* A lot of polluting charges (computer hardware, inverters, fluorescent lighting, etc.).<br>* High probability of harmonic's presence '''THD&nbsp;≥&nbsp;33&nbsp;%'''}}


{{Gallery|E64|Coherent system approach for all components of the electrical installation||
|PB116184-30.jpg||
|PB116732.jpg||
}}


{{Gallery|F10|Circuit supplying socket-outlets||
|DB422241.svg|a|TT or TN system
|DB422267.svg|b|IT system}}


{{Gallery|F47|The 2 technologies of RCDs|| 
|DB431039_EN.svg|a|Voltage Independent (VI) technology Electronic circuit not connected to the network
|DB431017_EN.svg|b|Voltage Dependent (VD) technology Electronic circuit connected to the network }}


{{Gallery|F48|Industrial-type CB with RCD module||
|LV433831_L28.jpg|a|Industrial type circuit breaker with integrated RCD function
|PB116744.jpg|b|Acti 9 DIN-rail industrial Circuit breaker ...
|PB116745.jpg|c|... with adaptable Vigi RCD module}}


{{Gallery|F49|Domestic residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs) for earth leakage protection||
|PB116746.jpg|a|The incoming-supply circuit breaker can also have time-delayed characteristics and integrate a RCD (type S)
|PB116747.jpg|b|“Monobloc” iID residual current circuit breakers intended for protection of terminal socket-outlet circuits in domestic and tertiary sector applications}}


{{Gallery|F50|RCDs with separate toroidal current transformers (Vigirex)|| 
|PB116748.jpg||
|PB116749.jpg||}}


{{Gallery|F78|Different types of ground fault prodections||
|DB422238a.svg||RS system
|DB422238b.svg||SGR system
|DB422238c.svg||ZS system}}


{{Gallery|F86|Situation increasing risks of fire '''(per-row:4)'''||4
|DB422266a.svg||Power supply cord subjected to excessive forces (by furniture or a position)
|DB422266b.svg||Power supply cord defective following inappropriate or excessively numerous operations
|DB422266c.svg||Cable weakened at connection
|DB422266d.svg||Accidental damage to a cable
|DB422266e.svg||Power sockets in poor condition
|DB422266f.svg||Ageing of cable protective devices
|DB422266g.svg||Loose connections
|DB422266h.svg||Cables damaged by their environment: UV, vibrations, moisture, rodents.}}


{{Gallery|G7|Location of protective devices||
|DB422286a.svg|a|
|DB422286b_EN.svg|b|
|DB422286c_EN.svg|c|}}


{{Gallery|H16|Symbol for a non-automatic switch-fuse||
|DB422401.svg||
|DB422402.svg||}}


{{Gallery|H26|Example of air circuit-breakers. Masterpact provides many control features in its “Micrologic” tripping unit||
|PB116184-50.jpg||
|PB116047_20.jpg||
}}


{{Gallery|H36|Performance curves of a typical LV current-limiting circuit-breaker||
|DB422413_EN.svg|a|
|DB422414_EN.svg|b|}}


{{Gallery|H52|Current based selectivity, Time based selectivity, Combination of both||
|DB422428.svg|a|
|DB422429.svg|b|
|DB422430_EN.svg|c|}}


{{Gallery|J34|SCPD "in parallel"||
|DB422492.svg||
|DB422493.svg||}}


{{Gallery|J35|SPDs with external SCPD, non-integrated (iC60N + iPRD 40r) and integrated (iQuick PRD 40r)||
|DB422494_EN.svg||
|PB116776_EN.jpg||}}


{{Gallery|J41|Examples of good and bad SPD installations||
|DB422500.svg||'''Example 1''': Equipment installation design should be done in accordance '''to installation rules: cables length shall be less than 50 cm.'''
|DB422501.svg||'''Exemple 2''' : Positioning of devices should be linked to '''installation rules: reduce length of cables < 50 cm and keep the loop area rule of reducing impact of magnetic fields created by lightning current'''.}}


{{Gallery|J42|SPD with separate or integrated external SCPD||
|DB422503_EN.svg||
|DB422502.svg||}}


{{Gallery|J52|The Schneider Electric brand iPRD SPD incorporates a gas discharge tube between neutral and earth and varistors between phase and neutral||
|PB116777.jpg||
|DB422518.svg||}}


{{Gallery|K18|Motor starter examples: TeSys D Direct on line contactors, Star Delta starter, Altistart softstarter (Schneider Electric)||
|PB116781.jpg||LC1 D65A••
|PB116782.jpg||LC3 D32A••
|PB116783.jpg||ATS48••}}


{{Gallery|K19|Variable Speed Drives of various power ratings (Altivar range, Schneider Electric)||
|PB116784.jpg||Altivar 12 (≤ 4 kW )
|PB116785.jpg||Altivar 212 (≤ 75 kW)
|PB116786.jpg||Altivar 71 (≤ 630 kW)}}


{{Gallery|K22|A selection of lighting control devices: timers, light sensors, movement sensors '''(per-row:3)'''||3
|PB116787.jpg||
|PB116788.jpg||
|PB116789.jpg||
|PB116790.jpg||
|PB116791.jpg||
}}


{{Gallery|L9|Showing the essential features of power-factor correction||
|DB422585_EN.svg|a|Reactive current components only flow pattern 
|DB422586_EN.svg|b|When I<sub>C</sub> {{=}} I<sub>L</sub>, all reactive power is supplied from the capacitor bank 
|DB422587_EN.svg|c|With load current added to case '''(b)'''}}


{{Gallery|M9|Harmonic spectrum for a rectangular signal U(t)||
|DB422618a.svg||
|DB422618b.svg||}}


{{Gallery|M13|Example of electronic trip units of circuit-breakers providing harmonic related information||
|PB116184-45.jpg||
|PB116047-4.jpg||
|PB116804.jpg||
}}


{{Gallery|N39|Compact fluorescent lamps||
|DB422668.svg|a|standard 
|DB422669.svg|b|induction
}}


{{Gallery|N47|Coordination between circuit breaker and luminaires LED '''(per-row:2)'''||2
|DB422685_EN.svg|a|Rating 10 A
|DB422686_EN.svg|b|Rating 16 A
|DB422687_EN.svg|c|Rating 20 A
|DB422688_EN.svg|| 
}}


{{Gallery|N57|Shape of the voltage supplied by a light dimmer at 50% of maximum voltage with the following techniques:||
|DB422672.svg|a|cut-on control 
|DB422673.svg|b|cut-off control
}}


{{Gallery|N61|Power supply voltage at switch-on and inrush current '''(per-row:1)'''||1
|DB422677_EN.svg||
|DB422678_EN.svg||
}}


{{Gallery|N68|Examples of control devices (Schneider Electric brand)||
|PB116811.jpg|a|“zero crossing” contactor iCT+
|PB116812.jpg|b|“standard” contactor iCT  
|PB116813.jpg|c|impulse relay iTL
|PB116814.jpg|d|remote controlled MCB}}


{{Gallery|N81|The various functions and their combinations forming a motor starter||
|DB422692_EN.svg||
|DB422693_EN.svg||
|DB422694_EN.svg||
}}


{{ Gallery |P26|A photovoltaic system can be connected directly to the electrical distribution network (left) or connected to the building electrical installation and used for self-consumption (right).||
|DB431095_EN.svg||Solar production exported to the grid
|DB431096_EN.svg||Solar production used for self-consumption}}


{{ Gallery |P37|Illustration of the current value significant differences between the different operating modes. Example of installation with storage integration||
|DB431103a.svg||Storage in stand-by
|DB431103b.svg||Storage charging
|DB431103c.svg||Storage discharging}}


{{ Gallery |P46|Recommended connection of single-phase photovoltaic inverters in a three-phase electrical installation to avoid unbalance||
|DB431111a_EN.svg||
|DB431111b_EN.svg||}}


{{Gallery|P48|Example of electrical installation||
|DB431112a.svg||without solar production
|DB431112b.svg||with solar production providing active power only (by default)
|DB431112c.svg||with solar system with an appropriate set point value of the solar inverters to avoid power factor penalties}}


{{Gallery|Q5|Examples of incoming-supply circuit breakers or switch from different countries|| 
|PB116830_EN.jpg|a|France (CB)
|PB113294_17.jpg|b|UK (switch-disconnector)}}


{{Gallery|S3|Examples of products compliant with IEC 61557-12, for Energy Efficiency||
|PB117051.jpg||Acti9 iEM2000 series energy meters Schneider Electric
|PB117052.jpg||Acti9 iEM3000 series energy meters Schneider Electric
}}


{{Gallery|S7|Examples of products compliant with IEC 61557-12, for Electrical Distribution Monitoring||
|PB117053.jpg||Compact NSX circuit breaker equipped with a Micrologic trip unit, Schneider Electric
|PB115935_32.jpg||Masterpact MTZ circuit breaker equipped with a Micrologic trip unit, Schneider Electric
|PB117054.jpg||PowerLogic PM5000 series power meters, Schneider Electric
|PB117055.jpg||PowerLogic PM8000 series power meters, Schneider Electric
}}


{{Gallery|S9|Examples of products compliant with IEC 61000-4-30 for Grid Power Quality||
|ION9000_panel_32.jpg||PowerLogic ION9000 <br> Power Quality Instrument class&nbsp;A (PQI-A)<br>compliant with IEC 62586-1 <br> Schneider Electric
|PB117056.jpg||PowerLogic ION7550/ION7650 <br> Power Quality Device <br> Schneider Electric
|PB117057.jpg||PowerLogic ION8800 <br> Power Quality Device <br> Schneider Electric
|PB117058.jpg||PowerLogic ION8650 <br> Power Quality Device <br> Schneider Electric
}}


{{ Gallery |EV20|Examples of charging stations||
|PB122353.jpg||Wall mounted
|PB122352.jpg||Floor standing}}